Cochrane协作网今日（7月19日）发表评论，认为在发展中国家，处理家庭用水相对于处理水井水源能够更加有效的控制腹泻的发生。
英国伦敦卫生热带医学学院的Thomas Clasen牵头撰写了这篇评论，该结论是基于30个试验基地，超过53，000位参与者的试验结果。
这些试验比较了采用不同方法处理水的效用，其中大部分是在发展中国家开展的。 不安全的饮用水是每年发展中国家180多万人死于腹泻的主要原因。
试验方法及背景差异，使其得出的结论在一定程度上受到限制，但是，研究者们说所有的方法都能有效预防不同年龄人群的腹泻。
Clasen在科学发展网上说，试验结果表明：简单、低成本的技术，例如氯化、过滤、日光消毒及改进储水方法等，可以使人们获得安全饮用水带来的好处。
他说直接将干净水输送到居民家中能显著降低腹泻发生率，但这将要在基础设施方面付出昂贵的代价。
Clasen说，目前发展中国家还不能支付这样昂贵的设施，在那里还有11亿人在离家方圆一公里范围内得不到用水。
“当前我们的任务就是在可承受的基础上将这些措施大规模推广应用。”Clasen说。
Home water treatment 'is best for fighting disease'
Treating water in homes is a more effective way of controlling diarrhoea in poor countries than interventions at wells.
So concludes a review published today (19 July) by The Cochrane Collaboration.
Its authors, led by Thomas Clasen of the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine in the United Kingdom, considered the outcomes of 30 field trials involving more than 53,000 participants.
The trials, which compared the effectiveness of different water treatments, were mostly carried out in the developing world.
Unsafe drinking water is the main cause of more than 1.8 million deaths from diarrhoea in developing countries each year.
Differences in the trial's methods and settings limit the extent to which generalisations can be made, but the researchers say that all the treatment procedures were effective at preventing diarrhoea in people of all ages.
The results suggest that the health gains associated with safe drinking water can be achieved by providing people with simple, affordable technologies, such as chlorination, filtration, solar disinfection and improved storage in their homes, Clasen told SciDev.Net.
He says that delivering clean water directly to people's homes can significantly reduce episodes of diarrhoea, but this demands considerable expenditure on infrastructure.
This would currently be too costly to maintain in developing countries, where 1.1 billion people do not have sustainable access to water within a kilometre of their home, says Clasen.
"Our challenge now is to show that these interventions can be disseminated at [large] scale on a sustainable basis," says Clasen.
编辑：蓝色幻想
