2006年12月4日——美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC），美国食品药品管理局（FDA）以及七个州卫生部门的研究人员报道，婴儿较易感染沙门氏菌，但多数感染是可以预防的。母乳喂养的婴儿感染沙门氏菌的几率较小。
田纳西州健康部的Timothy Jones博士等儿科专家对来自8个州的442例感染非爆发型非伤寒沙门氏菌的1岁以下婴儿作了研究。这些婴儿感染后的症状通常是腹泻和发热。大部分患儿在一周内完全康复，仅两名婴儿死亡。
研究人员对患儿父母进行了问卷调查，内容主要涉及患儿在沙门氏菌感染前五天内接触动物情况及饮食情况。同时还对相同年龄未被细菌感染的928名婴儿的父母做了类似的问卷调查，以作对照。
调查结果显示，以下六个因素与婴儿感染沙门氏菌有关：
1、母乳喂养的婴儿感染沙门氏菌的机会较小，此原因不明，但琼斯研究小组表示其他研究也显示了类似结果。
2、接触爬行动物的婴儿感染沙门氏菌的机会增加。爬行动物可携带沙门氏菌，因此美国CDC建议，5岁以下儿童的家中不应有爬行动物。
3、婴儿在购物车内紧靠肉类或禽类食品容易被沙门氏菌感染。研究者表示，将肉类和禽类放在购物车内远离儿童的地方可预防沙门氏菌感染，最好分装隔离。
4、3个月月龄以上的婴儿到美国国外旅行增加了沙门氏菌的感染几率。
5、喝婴儿浓缩配方奶的婴儿易感染沙门氏菌。具体原因不十分清楚。浓缩配方是无菌的，可能的感染原因是水受污染、配制方法不卫生或开罐后储存不当。研究人员认为，沙门氏菌感染和婴儿配方即食奶或奶粉之间不存在因果关系。
6、6个月月龄以上的婴儿如果在幼儿园接触腹泻儿童，则可能感染沙门氏菌。
研究者表示，要给出预防婴儿沙门氏菌感染的建议还需做进一步研究。
6 Salmonella Risk Factors for Babies
Breastfed Babies Less Likely to Get Salmonella Infection, Study Shows
Dec. 4, 2006 -- Salmonella infection strikes babies more than any other age group, and many of these cases may be preventable.
Researchers from the CDC, FDA, and seven state health departments report that news in Pediatrics. The scientists included Timothy Jones, MD, of Tennessee's health department.
The study looked at 442 infants in eight states diagnosed with salmonella infection before their first birthday.
There are different types of salmonella bacteria; Jones' team focused on nontyphoidal salmonella not linked to an outbreak.
The babies' most common symptoms were diarrhea and fever. They typically recovered within a week; however, two babies died as a result of their infection.
The babies' parents completed extensive questionnaires about their child's animal exposure, food, and drink in the five days before salmonella infection.
For comparison, the researchers gave similar questionnaires to parents of 928 babies the same age who were not affected by the bacteria.
Key Differences
The interviews showed six key differences between babies who got salmonella infection and those who didn't.
1. Breastfed babies were less likely to get salmonella infection. The reason for that isn't clear, but Jones' team says other studies have shown similar results.
2. Exposure to reptiles upped babies' chance of infection. Reptiles can carry salmonella. The CDC recommends that homes with kids under 5 years old not include reptiles.
3. Babies who rode in a shopping cart next to meat or poultry were more likely to get infected. Putting meat and poultry in a part of the cart away from kids might help; so might better packaging, the researchers note.
4. Babies over 3 months old who traveled outside the U.S. were more likely to get infected.
5. Babies who drank concentrated liquid infant formula were more likely to get salmonella infection.
The reason for that isn't clear. Concentrated formula is sterile, but tainted water, unhygienic preparation, or poor storage of opened cans might be a problem, say the researchers.
Salmonella infection wasn't linked to ready-to-drink liquid infant formula or powdered infant formula.
6. Babies older than 6 months were more likely to get salmonella infection if they attended day care with a child who had diarrhea.
More studies are needed to make recommendations about salmonella prevention in babies, write the researchers.
SOURCES: Jones, T. Pediatrics, December 2006; vol 118: pp 2380-2387. News release, American Academy of Pediatrics.
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=77897
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