网友[无意]提问:
1、突眼有无搏动性,是否听到血管杂音?
2、有三叉神经损害表现吗?
3、眼底检查结果?
4、CSF压力多少?压颈实验通畅?
5、CSF培养结果如何?
6、左侧横窦、乙状窦不显影?
7、用了什么抗生素?
网友[wenhuo]补充病例资料:
患者无搏动性突眼,未听到血管杂音。右三叉神经第二支痛觉减退。
腰穿外院做过,现在不是很愿意行腰穿,现在正劝说中。
其左侧横窦、乙状窦不显影应是先天的吧。
现在用氨苄西林及培氟沙星。
患者今出现左侧偏瘫,考虑可能为右侧颈内动脉受累引起的。
目前我们考虑:
定位:双侧海绵窦区
定性:
1、炎症感染:患者糖尿病,起病急,有发热、头痛,由右侧很快累及左侧,且病灶扩大较明显,颈内动脉壁厚,强 化,鼻旁窦病灶点状强化,当地医院CSF细胞高。所以首先考虑此病。
病原菌:因患者在当地以用多种广谱抗生素,病灶 未得到控,一般细菌感染可能性小,结合患者有糖尿病史,且鼻旁窦区常有霉菌感染,故目前考虑可能为霉菌感染,备行鼻窦镜下检查及活检,患者考虑中。还原结核也不能完全排除,行行相关检查。
2、肿瘤性:鼻咽癌浸润常见,但患者鼻咽者鼻咽部无异常,故可能性小。
鼻旁窦 肿瘤浸润,因病情进展快,且强化呈点状,不支持。
淋巴瘤:常强化明显,不支持。
3、韦伯氏肉芽肿 :强化明显,且进展相对较慢,不支持,嗜酸不高,行ANCA进一步排除。
由于患者不是很配合,检查进行的较慢,病情进展快,请高手出招指点继续讨论。本人 会随时跟踪报道诊疗进展。
网友[冷月寒霜]分析:
约一个半月前,患者有明确的牙病及拔牙史,然后出现多条颅神经功能障碍(海绵窦内经过),病程中发热,起病后十天CSF中多形核为主细胞数120,影像学(楼主解释很详细)示副鼻窦、海绵窦及附近、附属血管受累。当地曾用多种抗生素效差,至今仍持续进展至偏瘫。既往糖尿病、心律失常。
综上诊断考虑
定位:同楼主影像学分析
定性:炎性可能性大
病原体:个人仍考虑细菌感染。临床上经常遇到糖尿病患者莫明发热,多为感染。
治疗:可考虑更换抗生素,万古,氯霉素,可以考虑。抗凝剂。抗血小板。血糖一定要控制好。
关于激素,不知病程中应用情况。
检查:CSF培养+药敏,及楼主在楼上提到的一些排除诊断的检查。
鉴别:该患者的诊断多方面考虑是有必要的,前面的战友及楼上的考虑比较全面。但更重要的还是第一诊断及治疗方案。
另外,霉菌感染在无证据的情况下,除特殊情况,不能试验性治疗。
网友[jhhu1967]分析:
考虑诊断:海绵窦血栓形成。
依据:1、病人有糖尿病,并有拔牙史;2、动眼、滑车、外展及三叉神经第二支受累;3、因经脉回流障碍引起眼睑、球结膜水肿,眼球突出、充血;4、由于两侧海绵窦相沟通病变波及两侧;5、颈内动脉在窦内通过因此受损;6、影像也支持。
不理解的是:为什么椎动脉会受累,是因为糖尿病引起的颅内血管病变?
网友[无意]分析:
1、同意右侧颈内动脉炎性闭塞所致左侧偏瘫。
2、建议复查腰穿行压颈试验明确左侧横窦、乙状窦是否通畅,并脑脊液培养。(感觉11.20还有细细一条线,12.6则完全不显影了。)
3、五官科会诊明确鼻窦炎症情况,必要时行鼻窦引流,否则感染可能迁延不愈。
4、病原体最常见为金黄色葡萄球菌,其次为链球菌和肺炎球菌;厌氧菌感染也有可能,霉菌可能性小。
网友[wenhuo]
无奈之下给患者抗细菌同时给加用大扶康0.4qd 及伊曲康唑口服治疗后,现患者病情好转,右眼外展明显好转,左眼内收及外展略好转,右侧肌力恢复到5级,左侧目前仍3-4级。
目前患者是细菌还是霉菌感染仍不清楚,抗感染的方案及疗程也成了问题,对下步抗感染的用法(是否撤大扶康)及相关疗程大家能 不能提供些方案?现将本人检索到一些海绵窦炎的相关文献上传于大家共享。
Mycotic Aneurysm and Cerebral Infarction Resulting from Fungal Sinusitis: Imaging and Pathologic Correlation
Summary: A 73-year-old man was admitted with invasive aspergillus of the sphenoid sinus. Endoscopic debridement of the sphenoid sinus was complicated by rupture of a mycotic cavernous carotid artery aneurysm with severe epistaxis. The eurysm was closed emergently by endovascular coil placement. Subsequently, the mycotic aneurysm extended intradurally and caused fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
The radiologic-pathologic data illustrate the mechanism of fungal mycotic aneurysm formation and growth. This case emphasizes the need for rapid diagnosis of potential fungal involvement of the central nervous system and suggests the necessity for aggressive treatment once fungal cerebrovascular involvement is identified.
FIG 1. A and B, Coronal CT scan shows soft tissue density within the sphenoid sinus, with bony destruction in the region of the cavernous portion of the right internal carotid artery.
FIG 2. A, Endoscopic view of the sphenoid sinus following removal of the inspissated mucus and fungal debris. The most lateral and inferior portions of the sinus are evident (arrowhead). The aneurysm projects from the superior aspect of the sphenoid, to nearly fill the sinus (s 5 midline nasal septum).
B, Endoscopic view of the sphenoid sinus approximately 5 days after embolization. There is no evidence of recurrent fungal debris and the embolized aneurysm is much smaller.
FIG 3. A, Lateral view, angiogram of the right internal carotid artery following initial debridement and packing of the sphenoid sinus shows fusiform dilation of the cavernous portion of the vessel. Occlusion of the carotid artery resulted from packing of the sphenoid sinus at the time of surgery.
B, Injection of the left internal carotid artery shows good filling across the anterior communicating artery. The visualized portions of the supraclinoid right internal carotid artery (arrows) and the right middle cerebral artery are of normal caliber.
C, Postembolization plain film shows microcoils within the lumen of the aneurysm and proximal detachable balloons occluding the right internal carotid
FIG 6. A, Aneurysmal dilation of the supraclinoid segment of the right internal carotid artery. Rupture sites (arrows) are present between the posterior communicating and anterior choroidal arteries, as well as along the M1 segment of the right middle
cerebral artery.
B, Histopathologic examination shows severe inflammatory change, necrosis of the arterial wall and elastica, intralumenal thrombosis, and focal rupture site (asterisk).Inset: (Grocott stain) Septated hyphae branching at acute angles, morphologically
consistent with aspergillus species, located predominantely in the vessel wall and adventitia are seen.